USE OF CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) GLASS WASTE TO PRODUCE GLASS FOAM BY MICROWAVE RADIATION
Keywords:
glass foam, cathode ray tube (CRT) glass waste, microwave, calcium carbonate, antimony trioxide, specific energy consumption
Abstract
The paper presents experimental results obtained in the manufacturing process of a glass foam with good characteristics of insulating material (porosity of 90%, thermal conductivity of 0.042 W/m·K and compressive strength of 2.1 MPa) usable in construction. The basic raw material was recycled panel glass from cathode ray tube (CRT) waste. The heating technique was unconventional by using the microwave energy unlike the conventional techniques applied both in the industrial glass foam manufacture and in the numerous small-scale experiments known in the literature. The tests have shown an excellent energy efficiency, the specific energy consumption (0.72 kWh/kg) being more economical than that corresponding to the industrial manufacturing processes of glass foam.
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2. Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament of the Council on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), July (2012).
3. Mucsi, G., Csőke, B., Kertész, M., Hoffman, L., Physical characteristics and technology of glass foam from waste cathode ray tube glass, Journal of Materials, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Gillespie, J.W. ed., (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/696428
4. Responsible Recycling of CRT Screens, (2018). http://www.eera-crt-online.pdf
5. Petersen, R.R., Kőnig, J., Smedskjaer, M.M., Yue, Y., Foaming of CRT panel glass powder using Na2CO3, Glass Technology, Vol. 55, No. 1, February (2014).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263524095_Foaming_of_CRT_panel_glass_powder_using_Na2CO3
6. Scarinci, G., Brusatin, G., Bernardo, E., Cellular Ceramics: Structure, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications, Wiley-VCH GmbH & KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, Scheffler, M., Colombo, P. eds., (2005), pp. 158-176.
7. Fernandes, H.R., Andreola, F., Barbieri, L., Lancellotti, I., Pascual, M.J., Ferreira, J.M.F., The use of egg shells to produce cathode ray tube (CRT) glass foams, Ceramics International, Vol. 39, pp. 9071-9078, (2013).
8. Lunip, A.V., Kanagesan, S., Aziz, S.A.B., Rao, B.R.C., Physical properties of foam glass ceramics prepared by cathode ray tube panel glass and clam shell, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 2344-2352, July (2016).
9. Saeedi, M., Mirkazami, S.M., Abbasi, S., Influence of Co3O4, Fe2O3 and SiC on microstructure and properties of glass foam waste cathode ray tube display panel (CRT), Advances in Applied Ceramics, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 234-239, May (2014).
10. Zhang, Q., He, F., Shu, H., Qiao, Y., Mei, S., Jin, M., Xie, J., Preparation of high strength glass ceramic foams from waste cathode ray and germanium tailings, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 111, pp. 105-110, May (2016).
11. Méar, F.O., Yot, P.G., Ribes, M., Mechanical behaviour and thermal and electrical properties of foam glass, Material Science, (2007). www.DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2005.11.002
12. Méar, F.O., From waste CRT glasses to foam glass: A case study to reuse electric and electronic end of life materials, 2nd World Congress and Expo on Recycling, Berlin, Germany, July 25-27, (2016).
13. Lian, H.H., Yuan, W.Y., Li, J.H., Zhu, W.Y., Zhu, X.D., Hang, W., Study of Sb2O3 effects on the properties of foam glass from waste CRT panel glass recycling, 5th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology (ICWMT5), Beijing, China, March 21-24, (2018).
14. Petersen, R.R., Kőnig, J., Yue, Y., The mechanism of foaming and thermal conductivity of glasses foamed with MnO2, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 425, pp. 74-82, (2015).
15. Laur, V., Benzerga, R., Lebullenger, R., Le Gendre, L., Lanoë, G., Sharaiba, A., Queffelec, P., Green foams for microwave absorbing applications: Synthesis and characterizations, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 96, pp. 100-106, (2007).
16. Kharissova, O.V., Kharissov, B.I., Ruiz Valdés, J.J., Review: The use of microwave irradiation in the processing of glasses and their composites, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 1457-1466, (2010).
17. Knox, M., Copley, G., Use of microwave radiation for the processing of glass, Glass Technology, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 91-96, (1997).
18. Hurley, J., Glass-Research and Development, Final report, A UK market survey for foam glass, The Waste and Resources Action Programme Publication, Banbury, Oxon, UK, (2003).
19. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., Fiti, A., Testing the use of microwave energy to produce foam glass, European Journal of Engineering Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 8-17, (2017).
20. Menezes, R.R., Souto, P.M., Kiminami, R.H.G.A., Microwave fast sintering of ceramic materials. https://www.intechopen.com
21. Rahaman, M.N., Sintering of ceramics, CRT Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, (2007). https://books.google.ro
22. Kolberg, U., Roemer, M., Reacting of glass, Ceramic Transaction, Vol.111, pp. 517-523, (2001).
23. Menéndez, J. A., Arenillas, A., Fidalgo, B., Fernández, Y., Zubizarreta, L., Calvo, E.G., Bermúdez, J.M., Microwave heating processes involving carbon materials, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 1-8, (2010).
24. Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.A., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., Carassitti, L., Modern microwave methods in solid-state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, pp. 1170-1206, (2014).
25. Bray, C., Dictionary of glass. Materials and techniques, Second edition, A & C Black, London and Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, (2001). http://books.google.ro
26. Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., Miles, N.J., Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering-a review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 34, pp. 75-90, (2002).
27. Manual of weighing applications, Part 1, Density, (1999). http://www.docplayer.net/21731890-Manual-of-weighing-applications-part-1-density.html
28. Anovitz, L.M., Cole, D.R., Characterization and analysis of porosity and pore structures, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 80, pp. 61-164, (2005).
29. Bianchi-Janetti, M., Plaz, T., Ochs, F., Klesnil, O., Feist, W., Thermal conductivity of foam glass gravel: a comparison between experimental data and numerical results, Energy Procedia, Vol. 78, pp. 3258-3268, (2015).
Published
2020-09-30
How to Cite
Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M., & Axinte, S. (2020). USE OF CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) GLASS WASTE TO PRODUCE GLASS FOAM BY MICROWAVE RADIATION. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 24(3). Retrieved from http://revtn.ro/index.php/revtn/article/view/293
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2020 Lucian Paunescu, Marius Florin Dragoescu, Sorin Mircea Axinte
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
