CELLULAR GLASS FROM POST-CONSUMER DRINKING GLASS NON-CONVENTIONALLY PREPARED WITH SILICON NITRIDE AND MANGANESE DIOXIDE AS PORE-FORMING AGENTS
Keywords:
cellular bottle, wave, preponderantly direct warming, post-consumer drinking bottle, silicon nitride, manganese dioxide
Abstract
Cellular glass non-conventionally prepared from post-consumer drinking glass was made, silicon nitride (Si3N4) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) contributing to form the porous structure. The correlation between the physical-morphological properties (low denseness, high porousness, structural homogeneousness) of the expanded material and its strength features (high compression resistance) played an essential role. An optimal weight ratio between the two pore-forming additives was found at the value 1.0. The temperature of the sintering-expanding process was relatively reduced (823 ℃) and the warming rate reached very high values (27.7 ℃/min) due to the energy efficiency of the own preponderantly direct microwave warming method. The main features of the optimal cellular glass specimen were: denseness of 0.59 g·cm-3, heat conduction of 0.097 W·m-1·K-1, compression resistance of 6.6 MPa, and pore size between 0.1-0.4 mm.
References
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4. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Cosmulescu, F., Experimental manufacture of the foam glass gravel from glass waste and silicon carbide on a 10 kW-microwave oven, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 75-81, (2022).
5. Llaudis, A., Orts, M.J., Garcia-Ten, J., Bernardo, E., Foaming of flat glass cullet using Si3N4 and MnO2 powders, Ceramics International, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 1953-1959, (2009).
6. El-Amir, A.A.M., Attia, M.A.A., Fend, T., Ewais, E.M.M., Production of high-quality glass foam from soda lime glass waste using SiC-AlN foaming agent, Journal of Korean Ceramic Society, Vol. 59, pp. 444-452, (2022).
7. Karandashova, N.S., Goltsman, B.M., Yatsenko, E.A., Analysis on influence of foaming mixture components on structure and properties of foam glass, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, Vol. 262, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/262/1/012020
8. Fernandes, H.R., Ferreira, D.D., Andreola, F., Lancellotti, I., Barbieri, L., Ferreira, J., Environmental friendly management of CRT glass by foaming with egg shells, calcite or dolomite, Ceramics International, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 13371-13379, (2014).
9. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Dragoescu, M.F., Cosmulescu, F., Manufacture of cellular glass using oak leaves as a foaming vegetable agent, Journal La Multiapp, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 18-27, (2020). https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i4.210
10. Donato, R.K., Mija, A., Keratin association with synthetic, biosynthetic and natural polymers: An extensive review, Polymers (Basel), Vol. 12, No. 1, (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010032
11. Scarinci, G., Brusatin, G., Bernardo, E., Glass Foams, in Cellular Ceramics: Structure, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications, Scheffler, M., Colombo, P. (eds.), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 158-176, (2005). ISBN 978-3-527-31320-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527606696
12. Garcia Ten, J., Saburit, A., Orts, M.J., Bernardo, E., Colombo, P., Glass foams from oxidation/reduction reactions using SiC, Si3N4 and AlN powders, Glass Technology-European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, Society of Glass Technology Publisher, Sheffield, UK, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 103-110, (2011).
13. Dragoescu, M.F., Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Glass foam made with silicon nitride and manganese oxide by microwave irradiation, Journal La Multiapp, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1-9, (2021). https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i2.325
14. Axinte, S.M., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Sebe, A.C., Manufacture of glass foam by predominantly direct microwave heating of recycled glass waste, Transactions on Networks and Communications, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 37-45, (2019). https://doi.org/10.14738/tnc.74.7214
15. Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.R., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., Carassiti, L., Modern microwave methods in solid-state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing, Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 1170-1206, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr4002353
16. Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., Miles, N.J., Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering. A review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 75-90. (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(01)00088-X
17. Terayama, K., Ikeda, M., Study on thermal decomposition of MnO2 and Mn2O3 by thermal analysis, Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 754-758, (1983).
18. Deschaux-Beaume, F., Cutard, T., Fréty, N., Levaillant, C., Oxidation of a silicon nitride-titanium nitride composite: Microstructural investigations and phenomenological modelling, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 85, No. 7, pp. 1860-1866, (2002).
19. Density and porosity measurements of solid materials, Anderson Materials Evaluation, Inc. https://andersonmaterials.com/density-and-porosity-measurements-of solid-materials/
20. Yüksel, N., The review of some commonly used methods and techniques to measure the thermal conductivity of insulation materials, in Insulation Materials in Context of Sustainability, Almusaed, A., Almssad, A. (eds.), ISBN 978-953-51-2625-6, (2016). https://doi.org/10.5772/64157
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Paunescu, L., Axinte, S., & Fiti, A. (2023). CELLULAR GLASS FROM POST-CONSUMER DRINKING GLASS NON-CONVENTIONALLY PREPARED WITH SILICON NITRIDE AND MANGANESE DIOXIDE AS PORE-FORMING AGENTS. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 27(3). Retrieved from http://revtn.ro/index.php/revtn/article/view/427
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Lucian Paunescu, Sorin Mircea Axinte, Alexandru Fiti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
