REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT BY MAKING GEOPOLYMER MATERIALS FOR CEMENT-FREE CONSTRUCTION BASED ON WASTE AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS
Keywords:
geopolymer concrete, alumina-silicate binder, granulated slag, recycled concrete, metakaolin
Abstract
High-strength cement-free geopolymer concrete with 62.9 MPa (after 28 curing days) was experimentally produced from blast furnace slag, recycled concrete, and metakaolin as alumina-silicate binders as well as silica fume as silica-rich ultra-fine powder. Combining slag with metakaolin and silica fume allowed to increase its proportion up to 58.1 wt. %, without affecting shrinkage and hardness. Residual concrete from demolition was also used for making the geopolymer concrete as coarse aggregate as well as alumina-silicate binder together with fly ash, but not with granulated slag, metakaolin, and silica fume, this constituting the paper originality.
References
1. Matsimbe, J., Dinka, M., Olukanni, D., Musonda, I., Geopolymer: A systematic review of methodologies, Materials (Basel), Academic editor Koenders, E., Vol. 15, No. 19, (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196852
2. Burduhos Nergis, D.D., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Vizureanu, P., Tahir, M.F.M., Geopolymers and their uses: Review, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, vol. 374, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/374/1/012019
3. Davidovits, J., Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1633-1638, (1991).
4. Albitar, M., Ali, M.M., Visintin, P., Drechsler, M., Durability evaluation of geopolymer and conventional concretes, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 136, pp/ 374-385, (2007).
5. Liew, K., Sojobi, A., Zhang, L., Green concrete: Prospects and challenges, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 156, pp. 1063-1095, (2007).
6. Li, Y., Qiao, C., Ni, W., Green concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag activated by desulfuration gypsum and electric arc furnace reducing slag, Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier, Vol. 269, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2020.122212
7. Sofi, M., van Deventer, J.S.J., Mendis, P.A., Lukey, G.C., Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs), Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 251-257, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.008
8. Guo, X., Shi, H., Dick, A.W., Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of class C fly ash geopolymer, Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 142-147. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.11.003
9. Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, A., Hussni, M., Kamarudin, H., Nizar, K., Yahya, Z., Review on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete without Portland cement, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-4, (2011).
10. Deb, P.S., Prabir, P.N., Sarker, K., The effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature, Materials and Design, Elsevier, Vol. 62, pp. 32-39, (2014).
11. Ramani, P.V., Chinnaraj, P.K., Geopolymer concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag and black rice husk ash, Gradevinar, Croatian Association of Civil Engineers Publishing, Croatia, Vol. 67, No. 8, pp. 741-747, (2015).
12. Paunescu, L., Volceanov, E., Ioana, A., Paunescu, B.V., High strength-geopolymer building material, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 107-115, (2022).
13. Liang, G., Yao. W., Wei, Y., A green ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete containing recycled fine aggregate: Mechanical properties, freeze-thaw resistance and microstructure, Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier, vol. 895. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165090
14. Kim, G.W., Oh, T., Lee, S.K., Banthia, N., Development of Ca-rich slag-based ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (UHP-FRGC): Effect of sand-to-binder ratio, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, vol. 370, (2023).
15. Silica fume, Global Cement and Concrete Association, London, UK, (2023).
16. Water reducing admixtures for concrete, US Department of Transportation, (2023).
17. Nicula, M., Corbu, O., Iliescu, M., The effect of recycled blast furnace slag waste on the characteristics and durability of cement-based mortars, 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018, Section Green Buildings Technologies and Materials, Albena, Bulgaria, 30 June-09 July (2018).
18. Thankam, G.L., Renganathan, N.T., Ideal supplementary cementing material-Metakaolin: A review, International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 1, (2020).
19. Gangolu, A.R., Prasad, B.K.R., Influence of surface properties on fracture behaviour of concrete, Sadhana, Indian Academy of Science Publishing, Springer Link, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 193-208, (2011).
20. Khale, D., Chaudhary, R., Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors influencing its development: A review, Journal of Material Science, Springer, Vol. 42, pp. 729-746, (2007).
21. Provis, J.L., Rees, C.A., Geopolymer synthesis kinetics, in Geopolymers: Structures, Processing, Properties and Industrial Applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, pp. 118-136, (2009).
22. Metrology in laboratory-Measurement of mass and derived values, in Radwag Balances and Scales, 2nd Edition, Radom, Poland, pp. 72-73, (2015).
23. Mishra, A., Choudhary, D., Jain, N., Kumar, M., Sharda, N., Dutt, D., Effect of concentration of alkaline liquid and curing time on strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 14-18, (2008).
24. Sai Ketana, N., Srinivasa Reddy, V., Seshagiri Rao, M.V., Shrihari, S., Effect of various parameters on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Design and Manufacturing Aspects for Sustainable Energy (ICMED), Hyderabad, India, September 24-26, (2021).
25.Rahal, K., Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate, Building and Environment, Elsevier, vol. 42, pp. 407-415, (2007).
2. Burduhos Nergis, D.D., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Vizureanu, P., Tahir, M.F.M., Geopolymers and their uses: Review, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, vol. 374, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/374/1/012019
3. Davidovits, J., Geopolymers: Inorganic polymeric new materials, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1633-1638, (1991).
4. Albitar, M., Ali, M.M., Visintin, P., Drechsler, M., Durability evaluation of geopolymer and conventional concretes, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 136, pp/ 374-385, (2007).
5. Liew, K., Sojobi, A., Zhang, L., Green concrete: Prospects and challenges, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 156, pp. 1063-1095, (2007).
6. Li, Y., Qiao, C., Ni, W., Green concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag activated by desulfuration gypsum and electric arc furnace reducing slag, Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier, Vol. 269, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2020.122212
7. Sofi, M., van Deventer, J.S.J., Mendis, P.A., Lukey, G.C., Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs), Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 251-257, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.008
8. Guo, X., Shi, H., Dick, A.W., Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of class C fly ash geopolymer, Cement and Concrete Composites, Elsevier, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 142-147. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.11.003
9. Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, A., Hussni, M., Kamarudin, H., Nizar, K., Yahya, Z., Review on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete without Portland cement, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-4, (2011).
10. Deb, P.S., Prabir, P.N., Sarker, K., The effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature, Materials and Design, Elsevier, Vol. 62, pp. 32-39, (2014).
11. Ramani, P.V., Chinnaraj, P.K., Geopolymer concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag and black rice husk ash, Gradevinar, Croatian Association of Civil Engineers Publishing, Croatia, Vol. 67, No. 8, pp. 741-747, (2015).
12. Paunescu, L., Volceanov, E., Ioana, A., Paunescu, B.V., High strength-geopolymer building material, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 107-115, (2022).
13. Liang, G., Yao. W., Wei, Y., A green ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete containing recycled fine aggregate: Mechanical properties, freeze-thaw resistance and microstructure, Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier, vol. 895. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165090
14. Kim, G.W., Oh, T., Lee, S.K., Banthia, N., Development of Ca-rich slag-based ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (UHP-FRGC): Effect of sand-to-binder ratio, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, vol. 370, (2023).
15. Silica fume, Global Cement and Concrete Association, London, UK, (2023).
16. Water reducing admixtures for concrete, US Department of Transportation, (2023).
17. Nicula, M., Corbu, O., Iliescu, M., The effect of recycled blast furnace slag waste on the characteristics and durability of cement-based mortars, 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018, Section Green Buildings Technologies and Materials, Albena, Bulgaria, 30 June-09 July (2018).
18. Thankam, G.L., Renganathan, N.T., Ideal supplementary cementing material-Metakaolin: A review, International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 1, (2020).
19. Gangolu, A.R., Prasad, B.K.R., Influence of surface properties on fracture behaviour of concrete, Sadhana, Indian Academy of Science Publishing, Springer Link, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 193-208, (2011).
20. Khale, D., Chaudhary, R., Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors influencing its development: A review, Journal of Material Science, Springer, Vol. 42, pp. 729-746, (2007).
21. Provis, J.L., Rees, C.A., Geopolymer synthesis kinetics, in Geopolymers: Structures, Processing, Properties and Industrial Applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, pp. 118-136, (2009).
22. Metrology in laboratory-Measurement of mass and derived values, in Radwag Balances and Scales, 2nd Edition, Radom, Poland, pp. 72-73, (2015).
23. Mishra, A., Choudhary, D., Jain, N., Kumar, M., Sharda, N., Dutt, D., Effect of concentration of alkaline liquid and curing time on strength and water absorption of geopolymer concrete, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 14-18, (2008).
24. Sai Ketana, N., Srinivasa Reddy, V., Seshagiri Rao, M.V., Shrihari, S., Effect of various parameters on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Design and Manufacturing Aspects for Sustainable Energy (ICMED), Hyderabad, India, September 24-26, (2021).
25.Rahal, K., Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate, Building and Environment, Elsevier, vol. 42, pp. 407-415, (2007).
Published
2024-03-29
How to Cite
Paunescu, B., Volceanov, E., & Paunescu, L. (2024). REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT BY MAKING GEOPOLYMER MATERIALS FOR CEMENT-FREE CONSTRUCTION BASED ON WASTE AND INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 28(1). Retrieved from http://revtn.ro/index.php/revtn/article/view/457
Section
Articles
