COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR GLASS TYPES MADE BY THE NON-CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE OF MICROWAVE HEATING-A REVIEW
Keywords:
cellular glass, nnon-conventional heating, silicon carbide, calcium carbonate, energy efficiency
Abstract
The comparative analysis of the cellular glass products manufactured by the non-conventional microwave heating method compared to those made on a large scale by conventional methods is presented in this paper. Applying the non-conventional method was carried out in recent years by authors of the current article. Four different testing versions were selected by the composition of the material mixture including the expanding agent as well as the operational parameters. SiC, CaCO3, and Si3N4 separately constituted the expanding agents used in the analyzed experiments. Also, fly ash, red iron oxide, borax, and MnO2 were other additional materials included into the mixture, also separately. The specific energy consumption of producing processes were very low under the conditions of using a microwave equipment at very small-scale (0.8 kW), there being the possibility of improving this parameter by up to 25 % by applying the method on an industrial-scale.
References
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21. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Fiti, A., Cellular glass from post-consumer drinking glass non-conventionally prepared with silicon nitride and manganese dioxide as pore-forming agents, Nonconventional Technologies Review, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 22-28, (2023).
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25. Foam glass manufacturing, Energocell Foam Glass, Debrecin, Hungary, (2014). https://www.energocell.hu/en/foamglass-manufacturing/
2. Jelle, B.P., Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions-Properties, requirement and possibilities, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 2549-2563, (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.015
3. Low, N.M.P., Formation of cellular-structure glass with carbonate compounds and natural mica powders, Journal of Materials Science, Springer Link, Vol. 16, pp. 800-808, (1981).
4.Knox, M.P., Copley, G.J., Use of microwave radiation for the processing of glass, Glass Technology, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 91-96, (1997). https://www.britglass.org.uk/knowledge-base/digital-library-and-omformation-services/use-microwave-radiation-processing-glass
5. Hurley, J., Glass-Research and Development, Final Report, A UK market survey for foam glass, The Waste and Resources Action Programme Publication, Banbury, Oxon, UK, March (2003).
6. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Grigoras, B.T., Dragoescu, M.F., Fiti, A., Testing the use of microwave energy to produce foam glass, European Journal of Engineering Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 8-17, (2017).
7. Kharissova, O.V., Kharissov, B.I., Ruiz Valdés, J.J., Review: The use of microwave irradiation in the processing of glasses and their composites, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, ACS Publications, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 1457-1466, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9014765
8. Jones, D.A., Lelyveld, T.P., Mavrofidis, S.D., Kingman, S.W., Miles, N.J., Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering-A review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 79-90, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(01)00088-X
9. Kitchen, H.J., Vallance, S.R., Kennedy, J.L., Tapia-Ruiz, N., Carassiti, L., Modern microwave methods in solid state inorganic materials chemistry: From fundamentals to manufacturing, Chemical Reviews, ACS Publications, Vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 1170-1206, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr4002353
10. Cosmulescu, F., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., Comparative analysis of the foam glass types experimentally produced by microwave irradiation, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 58-68, (2020).
11. Wu, J.P., Boccaccini, A.R., Lee, P.D., Kershaw, M.J., Rawlings, R.D., Glass-ceramic foams from coal ash and waste glass: production and characterization, Advances in Applied Ceramics, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 32-39, (2006).
12. Stiti, N., Ayadi, A., Lerabi, Y., Benhaoua, F., Benzerga, R., LeGenre, L., Preparation and characterization of foam glass based waste, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 23, No. 8, pp. 3384-3386, (2011).
13. Zhu, M., Ji, R., Li, Z., Wang, H., Liu, L., Zhang, Z., Preparation of glass ceramic foams for thermal insulation applications from coal fly ash and waste glass, Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 112, pp. 398-405, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.183
14. Llaudis, A., Orts, M.J., Garcia-Ten, J., Bernardo, E., Foaming of flat glass cullet using Si3N4 and MnO2 powders, Ceramics International, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 1953-1959, (2009).
15. Garcia-Ten, J., Saburit, A., Orts, M.J., Bernardo, E., Colombo, P., Glass foams from oxidation/reduction reactions using SiC, Si3N4 and AlN powders, Glass Technology-European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, Society of Glass Technology Publisher, Sheffield, UK, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 103-110, (2011).
16. Abbasi, S., Mirkazemi, S.M., Ziaee, A., Saeedi Heydari, M., The effect of Fe2O3 and Co3O4 on microstructure and properties of foam glass from soda lime waste glasses, Glass Physics and Chemistry, Springer Link, Vol. 40, pp. 173-179, (2014).
17. Axinte, S.M., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Sebe, A.C., Manufacture of glass foam by predominantly direct microwave heating of recycled glass waste, Transactions on Networks and Communications, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 37-45, (2014).
18. Axinte, S.M., Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Manufacturing the cellular glass from glass waste by an original unconventional technique, Academic Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 53-60, (2019).
19. Paunescu, L., Dragoescu, M.F., Axinte, S.M., Mixture of glass waste types for producing cellular glass through microwave radiation, Academic Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 20. No. 2, pp. 87-93, (2022).
20. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Cosmulescu, F., Paunescu, B.V., The use of calcium carbonate as a foaming agent of glass waste for unconventional manufacture of a light glass foam with adequate mechanical strength, The Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iasi, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Section, Vol. 68 (72), No. 4, pp. 93-106, (2022).
21. Paunescu, L., Axinte, S.M., Fiti, A., Cellular glass from post-consumer drinking glass non-conventionally prepared with silicon nitride and manganese dioxide as pore-forming agents, Nonconventional Technologies Review, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 22-28, (2023).
22. Manual of weighing applications, Part 1, Density, (1999). http://www.docplayer.net/21731890-Manual-of-weighing-applications-part-1-density_html
23. Methodology in laboratory-Measurement of mass and derived values, Radwag Wagi Elektroniczne, Radom, Poland, (2005). http://www.radwag.com
24. Anovitz, L.M., Cole, D.R., Characterization and analysis of porosity and pore structures, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Vol. 80. No. 1, pp. 61-164, (2005). https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2015.80.04
25. Foam glass manufacturing, Energocell Foam Glass, Debrecin, Hungary, (2014). https://www.energocell.hu/en/foamglass-manufacturing/
Published
2024-03-29
How to Cite
Paunescu, L., Axinte, S., & Volceanov, E. (2024). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR GLASS TYPES MADE BY THE NON-CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE OF MICROWAVE HEATING-A REVIEW. Nonconventional Technologies Review, 28(1). Retrieved from http://revtn.ro/index.php/revtn/article/view/461
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